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This is number 551 of 585 Primary Sources.

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Ulysses S. Grant (1822-85)

Caption: Commander in chief of the Union army and 18th president of the United States. Grant won an early victory for the Union at Shiloh, Tennessee (1862), but at the cost of 10,000 casualties. The engagement sealed Grant's military partnership with General William Sherman, a partnership that was essential to the Union's ultimate victory. Grant's reputation as a strategist was solidified during the Vicksburg campaign (1862–63). Despite formidable Confederate defenses, his troops captured Vicksburg, Mississippi, and, with it, control of the Mississippi River; this was a crucial turning point in the war. Grant's victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee (1863), led President Lincoln to promote him to commander in chief (1864). General Robert E. Lee of the Confederate armies surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, Virginia (1865).


Brady National Photographic Art Gallery, Washington, D.C. (c. 1860–65). Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [LC-B8172-6371 DLC].



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