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| Home » Topics » NCHS » 6 » 2 |
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NCHS-6-2
Massive immigration after 1870 and how new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity developed amid growing cultural diversity
Resources:
History as Destiny: The Case of New York City
Relevant interactive tools:
Urban Crisis: Disease, Crime, and Space
Relevant pages:
Relevant texts:
Relevant transcripts: Resource Type: Document-Based Question Exploring the cholera epidemic in mid-nineteenth century New York City, this selection of primary sources provides a case-study of immigration, urbanization (e.g., slums such as the Five Points), and social and moral reform that can be applied to the study of any city in the industrialized world. Cholera Epidemic Editorial Resource Type: Primary Source As far away as New Hampshire, editorials denounced the New York cholera epidemic of 1832 as divine retribution for decadence and sin. Annual Report of the Interments Resource Type: Primary Source Dr. John Hoskins Griscom (1809–74), a Quaker physician, founded the New York Academy of Medicine and pioneered the field of public health. His advocacy for sanitation, medical care, and adequate housing led to the great reforms of the Progressive Era after the Civil War. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. How the Other Half Lives Resource Type: Primary Source Newspaper reporters, such as Jacob Riis (1849–1914), played an instrumental role in exposing the destitution and misery of New York's immigrant and working-class neighborhoods. Women and the Progressive Era Resource Type: Document-Based Question The discussion of women at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century is often separated into different chapters and topics. This DBQ asks students to combine what they have learned about American society and about the changing roles and perceptions of women to evaluate the women's movement during the Progressive Era. Twenty Years at Hull House Resource Type: Primary Source Jane Addams, a leading social worker during the Progressive Era, founded the Hull House settlement for immigrants in Chicago in 1889. She wrote about her experiences there in Twenty Years at Hull House, published in 1910. Women and Social Reform Resource Type: Classroom Simulation In this simulation, students will be assigned the role of a prominent, late-nineteenth-century, middle-class American woman. The goal is to understand the changing perceptions and roles of women in Progressive-era America, as they took on leadership roles in a variety of associational groups such as the YWCA and the Red Cross. Social Darwinism Resource Type: Classroom Simulation This simulation captures American society in 1900 and presents a fictional meeting of educators. In their respective roles, students will debate the ways in which educational reform can improve American society. Students will understand how different strands of social-Darwinist thought informed American life, culture, and politics, imposing a legacy which continues to affect American education as well as the larger society. City Problems: Poverty and Slums Resource Type: Document-Based Question Exploring the cholera epidemic in mid-nineteenth century New York City, this selection of primary sources provides a case-study of immigration, urbanization (e.g., slums such as the Five Points), and social and moral reform that can be applied to the study of any city in the industrialized world. Cholera Outbreak Resource Type: Primary Source This article, written during the cholera epidemic of 1832, conveyed the opinion that only certain social types contracted the deadly disease. Cholera Epidemic Editorial Resource Type: Primary Source As far away as New Hampshire, editorials denounced the New York cholera epidemic of 1832 as divine retribution for decadence and sin. Annual Report of the Interments Resource Type: Primary Source Dr. John Hoskins Griscom (1809–74), a Quaker physician, founded the New York Academy of Medicine and pioneered the field of public health. His advocacy for sanitation, medical care, and adequate housing led to the great reforms of the Progressive Era after the Civil War. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. How the Other Half Lives Resource Type: Primary Source Newspaper reporters, such as Jacob Riis (1849–1914), played an instrumental role in exposing the destitution and misery of New York's immigrant and working-class neighborhoods. Tenement Slum Resource Type: Primary Source Jacob Riis, a reporter for the New York Sun newspaper, helped raise awareness about the conditions of the urban poor with his 1890 publication, How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York. This book would later influence Theodore Roosevelt. Striking Shirtwaist-Makers Selling Socialist Newspaper Resource Type: Primary Source Many Jewish women were very involved in labor and socialist movements, as seen in this 1910 photograph of striking shirtwaist-makers selling copies of The Call, the New York socialist daily. Margaret Sanger on Working Women Resource Type: Primary Source Margaret Sanger became nationally famous for organizing a birth-control movement. In this 1915 issue of the International Socialist Review, Sanger discusses working women. Mrs. Marion Crocker on the Conservation Imperative Resource Type: Primary Source Mrs. Marion Crocker of the General Federation of Women's Clubs wholeheartedly endorsed the conservation movement, and the scientific basis on which it stood, in this 1912 speech to the Fourth Annual Conservation Congress. Principles of American Reform Judaism Resource Type: Primary Source In 1885, American Reform rabbis met in Pittsburgh to outline the basic principles of American Reform Judaism. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. Black Women and the National Council of Women Resource Type: Primary Source Adella Hunt Logan, a leading member of the Tuskegee Women's Club, argued on behalf of the National Association of Colored Women that black women should be included in the National Council of Women in the United States. Social Darwinism: Its Influence and Legacy Resource Type: Document-Based Question Social Darwinism is usually understood as an ideology that justified survival of the fittest, that argued against government intervention or social reform to improve society. The documents in this DBQ, however, point to the complexity of social-Darwinist thought, considering how a progressive version fueled the Progressive Era and how a conservative strand exerted tremendous influence in American political thought. The White Man's Burden Resource Type: Primary Source This cartoon, referring to Rudyard Kipling's poem of the same name, was published as the Spanish-American War ended and the insurrection in the Philippines against the Americans began. Exhibition of American Negroes at World's Fair Resource Type: Primary Source The Exhibition of American Negroes at the 1900 Paris World's Fair tried to show that blacks in America had become part of the American middle class. Board of Indian Commissioner Report Resource Type: Primary Source In this 1905 “Board of Indian Commissioner Report,” the federal government outlines its Indian policy. Sanger on Mammals Resource Type: Primary Source Margaret Sanger became a nationally famous social reformer. Here she teaches children about mammals. Cholera Epidemic Editorial Resource Type: Primary Source As far away as New Hampshire, editorials denounced the New York cholera epidemic of 1832 as divine retribution for decadence and sin. Annual Report of the Interments Resource Type: Primary Source Dr. John Hoskins Griscom (1809–74), a Quaker physician, founded the New York Academy of Medicine and pioneered the field of public health. His advocacy for sanitation, medical care, and adequate housing led to the great reforms of the Progressive Era after the Civil War. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. How the Other Half Lives Resource Type: Primary Source Newspaper reporters, such as Jacob Riis (1849–1914), played an instrumental role in exposing the destitution and misery of New York's immigrant and working-class neighborhoods. The Yellow Wall Paper Resource Type: Primary Source Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a well-educated American woman who became depressed after her marriage in 1884. Diagnosed with neurasthenia and prescribed the "rest-cure,"she later wrote about her experience in The Yellow Wall Paper, published in 1899. Black Women and the National Council of Women Resource Type: Primary Source Adella Hunt Logan, a leading member of the Tuskegee Women's Club, argued on behalf of the National Association of Colored Women that black women should be included in the National Council of Women in the United States. Letter of a Woman Homesteader Resource Type: Primary Source Elinore Pruitt Stewart was one of many female homesteaders. In 1914, her letters were published in Letters of a Woman Homesteader. One letter, dated October 14, 1911, is reproduced below. Margaret Sanger on Working Women Resource Type: Primary Source Margaret Sanger became nationally famous for organizing a birth-control movement. In this 1915 issue of the International Socialist Review, Sanger discusses working women. Marriage Rates of Alumnae Resource Type: Primary Source This table shows the marriage rates of women who graduated from a variety of American colleges during the period of 1820–1930. Growth of Woman's Christian Temperance Union Resource Type: Primary Source This 1959 chart shows the growth in membership of women involved in the movement to prohibit the consumption of alcohol. The Warfare of Science with Theology Resource Type: Primary Source Andrew D. White was an American educator who wrote about the controversial reactions to Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species in his book, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, published in 1896. Kodak Camera Ad Resource Type: Primary Source This advertisement for Kodak cameras appeared in a 1900 issue of the magazine Youth's Companion. Remington Typewriter Company Ad Resource Type: Primary Source In a 1905 advertisement, the Remington Typewriter Company used two letters by Mark Twain to illustrate how his attitude toward the typewriter had changed over a period of thirty years. Out in the Automobile Resource Type: Primary Source The comedian Arthur Collins and the tenor Byron Harlan wrote lyrics for many humorous songs. "Out in the Automobile" pokes fun at early-twentieth-century cars. Brooklyn Bridge Resource Type: Primary Source An important American modernist painter, John Marin (1870–1953) established his reputation with his work in watercolors. Although known for his landscape paintings, Marin expresses his interest in urban life in Brooklyn Bridge, which associates the excitement of New York with the famous bridge. The bridge connects Manhattan to Brooklyn and had been completed about thirty years earlier, in 1883. Social Darwinism: Its Influence and Legacy Resource Type: Document-Based Question Social Darwinism is usually understood as an ideology that justified survival of the fittest, that argued against government intervention or social reform to improve society. The documents in this DBQ, however, point to the complexity of social-Darwinist thought, considering how a progressive version fueled the Progressive Era and how a conservative strand exerted tremendous influence in American political thought. Sumner on Social Darwinism Resource Type: Primary Source William Graham Sumner was an American social scientist influenced by Herbert Spencer and Charles Darwin. Sumner applied Darwin's evolutionary theory to human society. Exhibition of American Negroes at World's Fair Resource Type: Primary Source The Exhibition of American Negroes at the 1900 Paris World's Fair tried to show that blacks in America had become part of the American middle class. | |
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