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NCHS-4-2
How the industrial revolution, increasing immigration, the rapid expansion of slavery, and the westward movement changed the lives of Americans and led toward regional tensions
Resources:
History as Destiny: The Case of New York City
Relevant interactive tools:
Colonial City: Revolutionary Battleground
Relevant transcripts:
Relevant interactive tools:
Urban Crisis: Fire and Water
Relevant pages:
Relevant texts:
Relevant transcripts:
Relevant interactive tools:
Urban Crisis: Disease, Crime, and Space
Relevant pages:
Relevant texts:
Relevant transcripts:
Relevant interactive tools:
The Old South
Relevant pages: Resource Type: Document-Based Question Exploring the cholera epidemic in mid-nineteenth century New York City, this selection of primary sources provides a case-study of immigration, urbanization (e.g., slums such as the Five Points), and social and moral reform that can be applied to the study of any city in the industrialized world. The Five Points Slum Resource Type: Primary Source Five Points, the great slum of antebellum New York, was located at the convergence of Worth, Baxter, and Park Streets in present-day lower Manhattan. Its residents suffered terribly during the cholera epidemic of 1832. Report of the Magdalen Society Resource Type: Primary Source Led by John Robert McDowell, a Princeton divinity student, the Magdalen Society was founded in 1831 to help reform prostitutes living in the Five Points slum. Petition to Have the Five Points Opened Resource Type: Primary Source Merchants owning property along the periphery of Five Points petitioned the municipal government in 1829 to demolish the heart of the slum by widening and extending Anthony and Cross Streets. Daily Tally of Cholera Victims Resource Type: Primary Source Due to overcrowding and poor sanitation, the Five Points slum suffered numerous casualties during outbreaks of disease, as this daily report taken during the 1832 cholera epidemic makes clear. Cholera Outbreak Resource Type: Primary Source This article, written during the cholera epidemic of 1832, conveyed the opinion that only certain social types contracted the deadly disease. The Cholera Epidemic Resource Type: Primary Source Many of New York's Protestant leaders interpreted the 1832 cholera epidemic as proof of God's displeasure with contemporary morality. Annual Report of the Interments Resource Type: Primary Source Dr. John Hoskins Griscom (1809–74), a Quaker physician, founded the New York Academy of Medicine and pioneered the field of public health. His advocacy for sanitation, medical care, and adequate housing led to the great reforms of the Progressive Era after the Civil War. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. Calhoun on the Compromise of 1850 Resource Type: Primary Source John C. Calhoun became the South's most powerful advocate as senator from South Carolina for most of the period from 1832 to 1850. Response to the Crittenden Amendment Resource Type: Primary Source This editorial responds to Crittenden's proposal to amend the Constitution. Decisions of Slaves to Leave the Plantation: Should I Stay or Should I Go? Resource Type: Classroom Simulation In this simulation students will examine the very complex decision that slaves faced regarding whether to leave the plantations in the early years of the Civil War and whether to join the Union forces. Students will understand how a single decision gravely affected the lives of slaves, their families, the outcome of the war, and even the period of Reconstruction. Industrialization and Sectionalism Resource Type: Classroom Simulation In this simulation, which examines the economic expansion and industrialization of the United States, students confront the increasing economic interdependence of the North and the South. The menacing tensions between the social and cultural realities of the two regions will be examined as students come to understand the many causes of the Civil War (1861–1865). The Five Points Slum Resource Type: Primary Source Five Points, the great slum of antebellum New York, was located at the convergence of Worth, Baxter, and Park Streets in present-day lower Manhattan. Its residents suffered terribly during the cholera epidemic of 1832. Petition to Have the Five Points Opened Resource Type: Primary Source Merchants owning property along the periphery of Five Points petitioned the municipal government in 1829 to demolish the heart of the slum by widening and extending Anthony and Cross Streets. Daily Tally of Cholera Victims Resource Type: Primary Source Due to overcrowding and poor sanitation, the Five Points slum suffered numerous casualties during outbreaks of disease, as this daily report taken during the 1832 cholera epidemic makes clear. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. Urban Society: Central Park and Social Reform Resource Type: Document-Based Question This microhistory of Central Park in New York City provides students with a laboratory for learning how social reformers attempted to clean the city of its slums and promote the well-being of its residents. These tools can be applied to the study of any large city. The Master-Slave Relationship Resource Type: Document-Based Question The recent scholarship on slavery explores the complex relationship between master and slave and re-examines the historical agency of slaves. In reading the slave narratives provided in this DBQ, students can assess how slaves tried to retain their dignity in the worst of circumstances. Letter from a Slaveowner Resource Type: Primary Source In this letter, Henry Tayloe, a slaveowner, reveals to his brother the interest of Southern slaveholders in the institution of slavery. Slaves Picking Cotton Resource Type: Primary Source In this illustration, slaves are shown picking cotton while overseers watch from horseback. The Cotton Kingdom: The Industrial Revolution Resource Type: Primary Source Power loom weaving in a New England textile factory. The leather belts transmitted power from a central waterwheel or a steam engine. Cities Deal with Water Resource Type: Primary Source The Oceanus logo, which the Bank of the Manhattan Company carried over from its origins as a water business. City Problems: Poverty and Slums Resource Type: Document-Based Question Exploring the cholera epidemic in mid-nineteenth century New York City, this selection of primary sources provides a case-study of immigration, urbanization (e.g., slums such as the Five Points), and social and moral reform that can be applied to the study of any city in the industrialized world. The Five Points Slum Resource Type: Primary Source Five Points, the great slum of antebellum New York, was located at the convergence of Worth, Baxter, and Park Streets in present-day lower Manhattan. Its residents suffered terribly during the cholera epidemic of 1832. Report of the Magdalen Society Resource Type: Primary Source Led by John Robert McDowell, a Princeton divinity student, the Magdalen Society was founded in 1831 to help reform prostitutes living in the Five Points slum. Petition to Have the Five Points Opened Resource Type: Primary Source Merchants owning property along the periphery of Five Points petitioned the municipal government in 1829 to demolish the heart of the slum by widening and extending Anthony and Cross Streets. Daily Tally of Cholera Victims Resource Type: Primary Source Due to overcrowding and poor sanitation, the Five Points slum suffered numerous casualties during outbreaks of disease, as this daily report taken during the 1832 cholera epidemic makes clear. Cholera Outbreak Resource Type: Primary Source This article, written during the cholera epidemic of 1832, conveyed the opinion that only certain social types contracted the deadly disease. The Cholera Epidemic Resource Type: Primary Source Many of New York's Protestant leaders interpreted the 1832 cholera epidemic as proof of God's displeasure with contemporary morality. Annual Report of the Interments Resource Type: Primary Source Dr. John Hoskins Griscom (1809–74), a Quaker physician, founded the New York Academy of Medicine and pioneered the field of public health. His advocacy for sanitation, medical care, and adequate housing led to the great reforms of the Progressive Era after the Civil War. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Sunshine and Shadow in New York Resource Type: Primary Source Sunshine and Shadow in New York, a mid-nineteenth-century publication, depicts New York City as two polar societies, one affluent and vibrant, and one poor and diseased. Urban Society: Central Park and Social Reform Resource Type: Document-Based Question This microhistory of Central Park in New York City provides students with a laboratory for learning how social reformers attempted to clean the city of its slums and promote the well-being of its residents. These tools can be applied to the study of any large city. The History of the City of New York—E-Seminar 3, Urban Crisis: Fire and Water Resource Type: E-Seminar Urban Crisis: Fire and Water is the third e-seminar in The History of the City of New York, a series based on Kenneth T. Jackson's legendary course, which he has taught for over three decades, on the history of New York City. In this e-seminar, Professor Jackson examines the various ways that over the years New York City has responded to fires and water supply problems, two of the serious challenges faced by urban populations. Fire Resource Type: Primary Source The Great Fire of 1835. Fire Resource Type: Primary Source Volunteer firemen in mid-eighteenth century New York. The History of the City of New York—E-Seminar 4, Urban Crisis: Disease, Crime, and Space Resource Type: E-Seminar In this fourth in a series of eight e-seminars, Professor Kenneth T. Jackson, examines public space in New York and focuses on the creation of Central Park. He also discusses the creation of the Metropolitan Board of Health, the implementation of health and sanitary regulations as a response to outbreaks of cholera, and the founding of the New York City Police Department. Central Park Resource Type: Primary Source To activist Jane Jacobs, the designed impenetrability of Central Park was problematic. Public Health Resource Type: Primary Source Densely inhabited slums in New York City facilitated the spread of cholera. Public Health Resource Type: Primary Source Official recommendations for cholera prevention in New York City. Public Health Resource Type: Primary Source The expansion of world trade promoted the spread of cholera. The Draft Riots Resource Type: Primary Source Recruiting station for the Union Army, in City Hall Park (1864). The Five Points Slum Resource Type: Primary Source Five Points, the great slum of antebellum New York, was located at the convergence of Worth, Baxter, and Park Streets in present-day lower Manhattan. Its residents suffered terribly during the cholera epidemic of 1832. Report of the Magdalen Society Resource Type: Primary Source Led by John Robert McDowell, a Princeton divinity student, the Magdalen Society was founded in 1831 to help reform prostitutes living in the Five Points slum. Petition to Have the Five Points Opened Resource Type: Primary Source Merchants owning property along the periphery of Five Points petitioned the municipal government in 1829 to demolish the heart of the slum by widening and extending Anthony and Cross Streets. Daily Tally of Cholera Victims Resource Type: Primary Source Due to overcrowding and poor sanitation, the Five Points slum suffered numerous casualties during outbreaks of disease, as this daily report taken during the 1832 cholera epidemic makes clear. Cholera Outbreak Resource Type: Primary Source This article, written during the cholera epidemic of 1832, conveyed the opinion that only certain social types contracted the deadly disease. The Cholera Epidemic Resource Type: Primary Source Many of New York's Protestant leaders interpreted the 1832 cholera epidemic as proof of God's displeasure with contemporary morality. Charles Dickens on the Five Points Resource Type: Primary Source The famed British writer Charles Dickens published his account of his 1842 visit to America, where he found evidence of England's superior class system in the squalor of New York's Five Points slum. Urban Society: Central Park and Social Reform Resource Type: Document-Based Question This microhistory of Central Park in New York City provides students with a laboratory for learning how social reformers attempted to clean the city of its slums and promote the well-being of its residents. These tools can be applied to the study of any large city. Frederick Douglass and his Mother Resource Type: Primary Source Frederick Douglass's autobiography is considered one of the classic slave narratives and was written for the abolitionist cause. Frederick Douglass Describes a Whipping Resource Type: Primary Source Radical abolitionists sought to document their claims about the horrors of slavery. The "Mudsill" Theory Resource Type: Primary Source Senator James Henry Hammond explains that every society is based on the exploitation of a lower class. To Hammond, the pursuit of civilization is impossible without a class to do the drudge work. Southern Society: Religion and Slavery Resource Type: Document-Based Question Using this DBQ, students will examine the paradoxical role of religion in the lives of slaves in the antebellum South. Different kinds of religion are explored as students confront the ways in which religion served to liberate or to oppress slaves. A Slave Account Resource Type: Primary Source Henry Bibb was born a slave in Kentucky in 1815. He escaped to Canada in 1837 and subsequently wrote an account of his experiences. A Slave Funeral Resource Type: Primary Source Charles Ball was a slave in western Maryland. In the following excerpt, he describes a slave funeral. Stringfellow's Biblical Justification for Slavery Resource Type: Primary Source In his 1860 book, Thornton Stringfellow explains what he sees as the biblical justification for slavery. Religious Instruction for Slaves Resource Type: Primary Source Peter Randolph was a former slave and a minister at the Old African Baptist Church in Richmond, Virginia. In the following excerpt, he describes religious instruction for slaves. Ex-Slave Becomes a Preacher Resource Type: Primary Source Members of the New Deal’s Federal Writers’ Project interviewed former slaves during 1936–38. The misspellings respect the speech and regional dialect of the ex-slaves. Anderson Edwards, born in Texas on March 12, 1844, recounts his experience as a preacher. Ex-Slave Discusses Religion Resource Type: Primary Source Members of the New Deal’s Federal Writers’ Project interviewed former slaves during 1936–38. The misspellings respect the speech and regional dialect of the ex-slaves. Orleans Finger, born in Little Rock, Arkansas, c. 1858, described his faith in God. Family Worship on a Plantation Resource Type: Primary Source This picture illustrates a family worshiping on a plantation in South Carolina. Note the African American preacher and both black and white worshipers. Master Going to Sell Us Tomorrow Resource Type: Primary Source Spirituals were sung by slaves, mostly outside of churches. They reflected the values and experiences of African Americans. Go Down Moses Resource Type: Primary Source Many spirituals compared African American slaves to the ancient Hebrew slaves depicted in the Bible, who eventually gained their freedom. The Master-Slave Relationship Resource Type: Document-Based Question The recent scholarship on slavery explores the complex relationship between master and slave and re-examines the historical agency of slaves. In reading the slave narratives provided in this DBQ, students can assess how slaves tried to retain their dignity in the worst of circumstances. Slave–Sale Broadside Resource Type: Primary Source A slaveowner advertises his slaves as valuable commodities, identifying each slave. Letter from a Fugitive Slave Resource Type: Primary Source In this letter, escaped slave Anthony Chase explains to his former master Jeremiah Hoffman why he has run away. Letter from a Slaveowner Resource Type: Primary Source In this letter, Henry Tayloe, a slaveowner, reveals to his brother the interest of Southern slaveholders in the institution of slavery. Account of a Former Slave Resource Type: Primary Source In his 1846 autobiographical account, Lewis Clarke, a former slave, answers questions about the manner in which he lived before he gained his freedom in 1841. Ran Away Resource Type: Primary Source This broadside promised a reward for the return of a fugitive slave. Shackles Resource Type: Primary Source These iron leg shackles are typical of those used on Southern plantations in the mid-1800s to restrain slaves when they were being moved from one location to another and to punish slaves who attempted escape. Frederick Douglass on Slavery Resource Type: Primary Source Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who gained fame as an orator and a writer promoting the cause of abolition. He wrote the following testimonial to the demoralizing effects of slavery in his autobiography. Dred Scott Decision Resource Type: Primary Source The following excerpt is from the majority decision in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford. Written by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, it addresses the question of African American citizenship and slavery in the territories. Testimony of a Female Slave Resource Type: Primary Source Harriet A. Jacobs recounts the unique struggles of female slaves in her autobiography, which was later edited by the famous abolitionist, Lydia Maria Child. Experiences of Female Slaves Resource Type: Primary Source The following excerpt is from the narrative of a former slave who lived on a small farm in Tennessee. Masters and Slaves Resource Type: Primary Source Members of the New Deal’s Federal Writers’ Project interviewed former slaves during 1936–38. The misspellings respect the speech and regional dialect of the ex-slaves. Mother Ann Clark, born June 1, 1825, was a slave in Louisiana. She describes the ruthlessness of her master. Slaves Picking Cotton Resource Type: Primary Source In this illustration, slaves are shown picking cotton while overseers watch from horseback. | |
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